3I/ATLAS: Interstellar comet has water unlike any in our solar system

 

The levels of a heavy form of hydrogen in 3I/ATLAS are 30 to 40 times higher than in Earth's oceans, suggesting the comet has a cold and distant origin. Image courtesy of International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/B. Bolin.

Joel Kontinen

The presence of water does not mean that this comet is teeming with life. It needs intelligent design to make water and other ingredients turn into life.

The interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS contains water and carbon molecules at levels never before seen in our solar system. This suggests that it formed around an alien star radically different from and much older than the sun.

Astronomers have been tracking 3I/ATLAS since it entered our solar system last year – and it is weird. It appears to be packed with far more carbon dioxide and water than almost any other comet we have seen, and early estimates put its age at 8 billion years – almost twice as old as the sun.

Martin Cordiner at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland and his colleagues have found that its levels of deuterium – a form of hydrogen with an extra neutron – are at least 10 times higher than in any comet we have seen before.

Source:

Alex Wilkins 2026 3I/ATLAS: Interstellar comet has water unlike any in our solar system | New Scientist 17 March 

 

 

Huge asteroid impact may have knocked over Jupiter's largest moon

 

Image courtesy of NASA/JPL/University of Arizona

Joel Kontinen

When did Ganymede get its present shape?

According  to Darwinists, ”a massive collision billions of years ago may have dramatically reoriented Ganymede, Jupiter’s largest moon”.

But they have not known which meteor hit Ganymede, so its just a series of Darwinian  tales.

”Naoyuki gata at Kobe University, Japan, and his colleagues studied Ganymede’s extensive furrow system, a series of concentric troughs believed to be remnants of the largest impact structure in the outer solarsystem.”

The centre of the furrow system aligns closely with Ganymede’s tidal axis – the imaginary line running  tales to Jupiter from the centre of the moon’s side that always faces its planet. This led the researchers to suggest that the impact that formed the furrows caused a significant redistribution of mass that reoriented the moon.

Through simulations, the researchers determined that the impactor responsible probably had a diameter of about 150 kilometres ­– significantly larger than the one that caused the extinction of the dinosaurs on Earth, which is estimated to have had a diameter of about 10 kilometres.

Andrew Dombard at the University of Illinois Chicago says that if an asteroid like that hit Earth, “it would be a global sterilising event, a bad day”.

Upon impact, this asteroid would have breached Ganymede’s icy crust into the liquid oceans below, creating a transient crater and hurling vast amounts of material across the moon’s surface.”

Source:

Jacklin Kwan, 2024. Huge asteroid impact may have knocked over Jupiter's largest moon | New Scientist 3 September. 

Evolution suppose the first conrtinens were created over 5 billion years before ours. ,

 Image courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech. , 

Joel Kontinen 

Some scientisst think that the oldest continents in our galaxy were created when our  galaxy came unto bemg. This is according to recent research told us, , 

“Astrobiologists think a planet needs to have certain features to support life: oxygen in its atmosphere, something to shield organisms from dangerous radiation and liquid water, for a startldest continents in our galaxy may have arisen 5 billion years before Earth’s, new research suggests — and that means there may be multiple worlds in the Milky Way harboring alien life even more advanced than our own.”

This is what evolution believing astrobiologist, for instance  Jane Greaves, an astronomer at Cardiff University says.

She said; “two exoplanets' continents — and perhaps life — may have arisen four to five billion years before Earth's.,"

But onlt God can create continents. 

Source; 

Briley Lewis, 2023, The oldest continents in the Milky Way may be 5 billion years older than Earth's Live Sience 11 November

The age of the universe

Image courtesy of NASA and the European Space Agency. -

Joel Kontinen

Evolutionists claim that the universe is 13.8 billion years but how do they know iti? 

All current estimates point to this  sum, .

"In  the 1920s, astronomer Edwin Hubble came up with a way to figure out the relationship between the distance of an object, based on how long its light takes to reach  Earth, “

But some stars are older that the age of the universe. 

 Source:   

Rayne,  Elizabeth, 2022,  How do we know the age of the universe? Live Science 1 November. , 

Water on the Moon

 Image courtesy of ESA/NASA.

Joel Kontinen

When NASA said that there was water on the Moon. Evolutionists said that during the Moon´s billions of years that was certain to happen, as our Moon is bombarded by thousands of meteorites, comets etc. They are taught to bring water.

But if the water had been there from the beginning, this would bring to light some creationist’s view of space being full of water.

However, the NASA will rerun to water to build a space station on the Moon  or to use it for travel to Mars.

Sourse:

Gill, Victoria. 2020.  Water on the Moon could sustain a lunar base.  BBC News 26 October.
 

 

Unusually Large “2-Billion-Year-Old Microbe” Fossils Reveal Clues About Our Ancient World

Image courtesy of Andrea Corpolongo, Fair Use.




Joel Kontinen

Not all fossils are big remains of dinosaurs. Some of them are tiny blobs that most scientist say would be cyanobacteria that evolutionists are hailing as the first true organism of any kind:

“Scientists recently discovered some of these blobs in the form of 2.5-billion-year-old fossils of primitive bacteria. These ancient microbes are likely cyanobacteria, but they are unusually large and have weird shapes protruding from them, said Andrew Czaja, an associate professor at the University of Cincinnati, who presented his findings on Wednesday (June 26) at the Astrobiology Science Conference.”

“If these fossils really are cyanobacteria, they could be some of the primitive organisms, or their ancestors, that helped transform our atmosphere by pumping it with oxygen. But not everyone is convinced.”

"The newly discovered fossils come from a period 100 million to 200 million years before the Great Oxidation Event — when our atmosphere went from having no oxygen to having a little bit."

Evolutionists "agree that "This is a very important time in Earth's history, both in terms of the evolution of the Earth but also the evolution of life," Czaja told Live Science..”

While in south Africa, he saw a “cool-looking rock, called a stromatolite, which is made up of layers of limestone and sediments left behind by cyanobacteria.”

He brought them home to tell his students. . after which “Andrea Corpolongo, a doctoral student also at the University of Cincinnati, then began to analyse the rock under a microscope. The fossils turned out to be hollow spheres made of an organic compound called kerogen. Some of those spheres were oblong and some had weird protrusions coming off them.”

However, some of the cyanobacteria are bigger than the ones we find today.

Anyhow, if the fossils are genuine, it shows that the living fossils are a to reason to doubt evolution, and if they’ve not, so we have a better reason to doubt want Darwin said.

Source:

Saplakoglu,, Yasemin. 2019. Unusually Large 2-Billion-Year-Old Microbe Fossils Reveal Clues About Our Ancient World. Live Science (4 July).

Look for Older Worlds for Finding Life

This is what astronomers hope to find.




Joel Kontinen

If alien astronomers want to search for signs on life on Earth, they might just find it in the telltale pattern reflected from our plant, from redwood forests to cacti covered plains.

This reflected fingerprint has been visible since plants first began carpeting our rocky landscape over half a billion years old.

“Now, two astronomers are suggesting that plants could leave similar fingerprint-like patterns on distant exoplanets.”

One of them is “Cornell University’s Lisa Kaltenegger, who recently described Earth’s leafy signature in a study published in the journal Astrobiology.”

Years ago, when the spacecraft the Galileo, sensed the signs of life on Earth. But Kaltenegger’s dream can only be released, if the universe is so olds she thinks.


Source:

Drake, Nadia.2018. Want to Find Alien Life? Look at Older, Hotter Earths. National Geography (27.9.)

Is Pluto a Planet?

Image courtesy of mage courtesy of Image courtesy of NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute.




Joel Kontinen


Pluto lost its planetary status in 2006. At that time, several trans-Neptunian objects beat it for size.

At the time, a planet was defined by 1) It must orbit the sun, 2) it must be massive enough that its gravity pulls it more or less into a spherical shape, and 3) it must clear the neighbourhood around its orbit.

Now, in the journal Icarus, Michael Metzger takes the line that “the third criterion did not match historical usage by scientists and should be revoked.”

Needless to say, Pluto is looking young.

And, as Merzger says. Pluto is "more dynamic and alive than Mars.”

Source:

Bartels, Meghan. 2018 Is Pluto a Planet? New Paper Adds to Decade-Long Debate. Space.com. (September 10).

Earliest Stars Got a Lot Older

Star formation? Image courtesy of NASA & ESA, Public domain.





Joel Kontinen

New research by Takuya Hashimoto at Osaka Sangyo University and colleagues suggest that the first stars formed “250 million years” after the big bang. This is some “150 million years” earlier than previously assumed.

This was supposed to be too early for star formation, as the Dark Age was thought to continue until some “400 million years” after the big bang.

The big bang has other problems as well, for instance missing antimatter, cosmic inflation, quantum fluctuation, missing dark matter and the likewise elusive dark energy.

In addition, the earliest galaxies formed too quickly.

“He [God] made the stars also,” Genesis tells us. That is by far the best explanation for the existence of the universe.

Source:

Crane, Leah. 2018. Some of the universe’s first stars have actually been seen. New Scientist (16 May).

Pluto’s Youthful Looks Continue to Puzzle Scientists

Pluto looks young. Image courtesy of NASA/JHUAPL/SwRI.



Joel Kontinen

When NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft flew past Pluto in July 2015, scientists were expecting to see a dwarf planet that looked old and its largest moon Charon to be full of impact craters.

However, what they saw blew their socks off, as NASA researcher Cathy Olkin put it in a New Horizons press conference.

Pluto looked far too young to fit into a 4.6 billion year old universe, and so did Charon.

Subsequent images sent by New Horizons showed more evidence for youth.

Pluto is too small to generate heat and too far away from the Sun to benefit from solar energy, but it is geologically active.

Believers in deep time have had a hard time figuring out why Pluto looks youthful. The latest explanation features flowing nitrogen ice that could be “acting as its fountain of youth.”

Pluto is not the only dwarf planet that looks younger than expected.

Ceres is another great puzzle for long-agers.

Jupiter’s moons Io and Europa also look too young.

The obvious solution: They are.

Source:

Crane, Leah. 2018. Gooey nitrogen ice may make Pluto’s crater-free heart look young. New Scientist (27 March).

Earth’s Magnetic Field Is Still Decaying

Image courtesy of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, CC BY-SA 2.0.




Joel Kontinen

“For the past 160 years, the strength of the magnetic field has been decreasing at an alarming rate,” says a press release issued by the University. of Rochester.

University of Rochester professor John Tarduno and colleagues went to southern Africa to examine an area called known as the South Atlantic Anomaly.

They think that something spectacular is happening there.

“The magnetic field is generated by swirling, liquid iron in Earth’s outer core. It is here, roughly 1800 miles beneath the African continent, that a special feature exists. Seismological data has revealed a denser region deep beneath southern Africa called the African Large Low Shear Velocity Province. The region is located right above the boundary between the hot liquid outer core and the stiffer, cooler mantle. Sitting on top of the liquid outer core, it may sink slightly, disturbing the flow of iron and ultimately affecting Earth’s magnetic field.”

Earth’s magnetic field protects us from radiation coming from the Sun

Research has shown that Earth had a magnetic field from the beginning.
.
The weakening of the magnetic field is a huge problem for those who believe in billions of years, so they have to believe that it is “a recurrent anomaly” and invoke magnetic reversals.

However, there is no known mechanism that could cause such reversals.

Source:

University of Rochester. 2018. New data helps explain recent fluctuations in Earth’s magnetic field (27 February).

Killer Solar Flares May Have Kickstarted Life, New Naturalistic Scenario Suggests

Image courtesy of NASA/GSFC/SDO.




Joel Kontinen

Solar flares can certainly kill, but scientists who subscribe to the naturalistic worldview are setting their hopes on them.

Avi Loeb at Harvard University and his colleagues simulated a solar flare that hit Mars with high-energy protons. They believe this might create the building blocks of life.

Here we have a speculative scenario in which raw energy magically turns into life, as long as they are given a few billion years to sort things out.

It has the same problem as all other naturalistic origin of life hypotheses, regardless of what they invoke or rely on, for instance, meteorites, Saturn’s moon Enceladus, Jupiter’s moon Europa, a synthetic enzyme, cosmic rays or molecular midwives.

The problem is that they cannot produce life.

Source:

Crane, Leah. 2018. Deadly solar flares may have helped seed life on Mars and beyond New Scientist (19 January).

New Origin of Life Hypothesis Invokes Meteorites

Image courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech.




Joel Kontinen

Naturalistic origin of life enthusiasts have set their hopes on meteorites as a likely breeding ground for the ingredients needed for life.

A paper published recently in the journal Science Advances examines the chemical composition of two meteorites that fell to Earth.

“They … contain both liquid water and a mix of complex organic compounds such as hydrocarbons and amino acids,” a news release issued by Berkeley Lab says.

It might be an understatement to say that the Berkeley folks are exited:

“[The paper] provides the first comprehensive chemical exploration of organic matter and liquid water in salt crystals found in Earth-impacting meteorites. The study treads new ground in the narrative of our solar system’s early history and asteroid geology while surfacing exciting possibilities for the existence of life elsewhere in Earth’s neighborhood.”

However, they might probably need to consider the lesson provided by a can of sardines, which has all the ingredients that life needs, but for some reason the contents are as dead as dead can be.

Much more than just the necessary ingredients are needed for life to suddenly pop up.

The latest scenario is no more credible than the previous (failed) ones, including those that invoke Saturn’s moon Enceladus, Jupiter’s moon Europa, a synthetic enzyme, cosmic rays or molecular midwives, or a plethora of other suggestions.

After all, life only comes from life, and it has to be created.

Source:

Roberts, Glenn. Jr. 2018. Ingredients for Life Revealed in Meteorites That Fell to Earth. Berkeley Lab (10 January).

Young Venus? Venus Might Be Geologically Active

Image courtesy of NASA.




Joel Kontinen

An increasing number of observations don’t support the standard age of the solar system, i.e, 4.5 billion years. Instead, they seem to indicate a much younger date.

The list of “bad dates” is anything but short. It includes Venus, Saturn, Pluto, Saturn’s moon Enceladus and Jupiter’s moon Europa, among others.

A recent report posted on Phys.org gives more details about Venus:

“For planetary scientists, Venus's geologic heartbeat flat-lined around 700 million years ago. Now, a global view of some well-known deformation features on Venus's surface may indicate it's capable of crustal motion, and that motion might even be happening today, scientists reported Monday at the 2017 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting in New Orleans.”

Research presented by Paul Byrne, a planetary geologist at North Carolina State University, and colleagues suggests “signs of deformation within a few of the lava plains.”

At least some of the jostling and moving and rotating could have taken place very recently,” he says.

While they did not find plate tectonics, they certainly discovered signs of unexpected youth.

Source:

Rehm, Jeremy. 2017. Lava-filled blocks on Venus may indicate geological activity. Phys.org (18 December).

Origin of Life Research Invokes a Synthetic Enzyme – And Fails

The Grand Prismatic Spring in Yellowstone National Park. Image courtesy of Jim Peaco, National Park Service, public domain.




Joel Kontinen

Origin of life is a messy research field. No one has ever come up with a plausible explanation of how non-life could have turned into life.

With naturalistic ideology running the show, explanations tend to be both speculative and impossible.

But they keep on trying. The latest attempt features a synthetic enzyme called diamidophosphate (DAP).

Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy and his colleagues at the Scripps Research Institute report on their research in the journal Nature Chemistry.

While they cannot be sure that DAP even existed at the time life supposedly popped out of the prebiotic stew, they assume that it might have.

An article posted in Live Science does no spare conditionals in reporting on the research: “may have existed”, “could have reacted”, “may have reacted” and “could have been leached out”, to name a few.

“Krishnamurthy has no proof that DAP even existed four billion years ago. He synthesized the molecule in his lab as a way to solve one of the fundamental challenges to phosphorylating in wet, early Earth conditions. For most phosphorylation reactions to work, they need to remove a molecule of water in the process.

‘How do you remove water from a molecule when you are surrounded by a pool of water?’ asked Krishnamurthy. ‘That’s thermodynamically an uphill task.’

DAP gets around that problem by removing a molecule of ammonia instead of water.”

However, that will not give us life. This scenario is anything but plausible.

“Krishnamurthy is working with geochemists to identify potential sources of DAP in the distant geological past. Phosphate-rich lava flows may have reacted with ammonia in the air to create DAP, or it could have been leached out of phosphate-containing minerals. Or maybe it even arrived on the back of a meteorite forged by a far-off star.”

You don’t have to be a prophet to say that their scenario will not work.

Source:

Roos, Dave. 2017. Chemists May Have Found the 'Missing Link' to the First Life on Earth. Live Science (10 November).

Ingredients of Life Cooking Up on Enceladus?

Image courtesy of Cassini Imaging Team, SSI, JPL, ESA, NASA.





Joel Kontinen

A can of sardines has all the ingredients that life needs, but its content is as dead as dead can be.

Much more than just the necessary ingredients are needed for life to suddenly pop up.

This same principle also applies to Saturn’s icy moon Enceladus that is geologically far too active for a solar system that is assumed to be 4.5 billion years old.

To solve this dilemma, some secular scientists, for instance Gaël Choblet at the University of Nantes, France, and colleagues, have to invoke tidal forces caused by Saturn’s gravity,

According to New Scientist,

“Choblet and his team found that the tidal heating effect could persist for tens of millions to billions of years, giving any potential life plenty of time to evolve in the resulting warm, chemically diverse areas.”

However, this is not a discovery; it is an assumption based to the belief that Saturn and its moons are billions of years old.

And it might be good to keep in mind that life only comes from life.

All secular origin of life hypotheses are speculations and /or wishful thinking.

They are certainly not supported by facts.

Water does not magically turn into molecules or even mice in our solar system or anywhere else.

Source:

Crane, Leah. 2017. Enceladus’s hot, gritty core may cook up ingredients for life. New Scientist (6 November).

Dwarf Planets Eris and Makemake Are Geologically Active – Defying Billions of Years Thinking

Eris remains an enigma for long-agers. Image courtesy of NASA.





Joel Kontinen

How could a dwarf planet (or in this case, two of them) be geologcally active for 4.5 billion years?

The answer is not even blowin' in the wind. It is beginning the resemble the epicycles that were used to keep alive a geocentric solar system before the days of Copernicus and Galileo.

Erin and Makemake orbit the sun in the Kuiper belt beyond Neptune.

New Scientist spells out the problem:

”Both worlds seem much too small and cold to have the sort of inner planetary activity that can lead to volcanism.”

But they are nonetheless geologically active.

New Scientist discusses a paper Will Grundy at Lowell Observatory and Orkan M. Umurhan at the SETI Institute presented at the American Astronomical Society meeting on 17th October:

”But Grundy and Umuhan reason Eris and Makemake must have some inner activity. The proof is in their ices. When we measure reflection from the surface of both worlds, we see strong spectral lines associated with frozen methane. When this evaporates, it creates a reddish aerosol “gunk” called tholin on the tiny worlds’ surfaces. Grundy and Umurhan calculate that this gunk makes up about 10 per cent of the total ice on Eris, but more on Makemake.

Judging by the amount of methane, we would expect tholin to be a big part of the surface, making the worlds appear darker. Instead, they appear bright white, more like the regions of Pluto covered in nitrogen ice. So Grundy and Umurhan reason the dwarf planets must have volcanoes spewing nitrogen ice to cover the tholins.”

A more logical approach would be to question the assumed age of the solar system. It would make the epicycle type tricks superflous.

Source:

Wenz, John. 2017. Volcanoes that spew stretchy ice could make dwarf planets bright. New Scientist (20 October).

Dwarf Planet Hammea Has a Ring That Suggests Young Age

Image courtesy of Stephanie Hoove, public domain.




Joel Kontinen

No one expected that a dwarf planet orbiting the sun some 2 billion kilometres beyond Pluto would have a ring.

Somewhat smaller than Pluto, Hammea is egg-shaped and it also has two small moons.

Astronomers know that at least one other dwarf planet has a ring.

Recent obsevations suggest that Hammea's ring is 70 kilometres wide and roughly 2290 kilometres from its centre.

If the solar system really were 4.5 billion years old, we would not expect to see any rings circling any planet, regardless of whether it is giant or small. Thus, secularists have had to invent a planet or other object that crashed into Hammea, creating the ring.

Convincing?

No, but as naturalism is the only gane in town (or the universe), design (not to mention creation) is strictlty verboten, at least until it becomes too obvious to reject.

Source:

Ken Croswell, Ken. 2017. Distant dwarf planet near Pluto has a ring that no one expected New Scientist (11 October).

Older Than the Universe? Methuselah Star HD 140283 Is a Big Problem for the Big Bang

Image courtesy of Digitized Sky Survey (DSS), STScI/AURA, Palomar/Caltech, and UKSTU/AAO, CC BY 4.0.





Joel Kontinen

The Methuselah Star, or more formally known as HD 140283, is an enigma for those who believe the universe began with a big bang some 13.8 billion years ago.

“At just 190 light years away, we can measure its luminosity, surface temperature, and composition very precisely; we can also see that it's just beginning to evolve into the subgiant phase and towards becoming a red giant. These pieces of information, combined, allow us to get a well-constrained value for the star's age, and the result is disturbing, to say the least: 14.46 billion years,” astrophysicist Ethan Siegel writes in Forbes magazine.

And that is not its only problem. HD 140283 does not look like it is among the earliest stars:

“Yet some of the other properties it displays, like an iron content of 0.4% the Sun's, suggest that it's very old, but not quite among the very oldest stars of all. Although there is an uncertainty on the age of around 800 million years, that still places it uncomfortably early, and hints at a potential conflict between how old the stars are and how old the Universe is.”

In other words, some stars have to be older than HD 140283, if Big Bang cosmology is true.

HD 140283 is a population II star that has relatively little metal. The BB model postulates that these stars were preceded by population III stars, which are assumed to be extremely massive and hot with hardly any metal.

The Big Bang model is built on questionable assumptions, such as the initial quantum fluctuation, cosmic inflation, the elusive dark matter and missing dark energy as well as antimatter that is likewise missing.

In addition, the earliest galaxies formed too quickly.

The Genesis model does not have these problems.

Source:

Siegel, Ethan. 2017. The Greatest Cosmic Puzzle: Astronomers Find Stars That Appear Older Than The Universe. Forbes (7 September).

Wishful Thinking: Life on Jupiter’s Moon Europa

Image courtesy of NASA.





Joel Kontinen

“If life can thrive on Earth’s ocean floors, feeding on the chemicals that gush from the rocks, why not on Europa too?” New Scientist asked recently.

The assumption behind this question is that given the chance, life will appear spontaneously almost anywhere.

However, there is no evidence for this and all origin of life hypotheses have turned out to be utter failures.

Life needs more than just water.

Europa obviously has a liquid ocean beneath its arid surface and naturalists are pinning their hopes on it.

But life needs design and design needs information. They are both non-material entities.

What makes the case even worse for their hopes is that Europa looks far too young to fit into a 4.5 billion- year- old solar system.

Source:

Battersby, Stephen. 2017. Send an ear: Listening for sounds of life in the solar system. New Scientist (31 May).