The Dinosaur Extinction Was More Complicated Than You Think

 

Joel Kontinen

According to evolution, the asteroid impact that killed the dinosaurs some 66 million years ago. According to Genesis it happened during the time of Noah. It did not kill all the dinosaurs, as the account in Job tells us.  

Dinosaurs are the biggest creatures to have ever walked on land, dominating Earth for over 130 million years according to evolution. But how could such extraordinary creatures have simply vanished in the blink of a geological eye? For decades, we’ve assumed these prehistoric megafauna – a staple of our childhoods and Hollywood movies – went extinct for one simple reason: the asteroid that hit Earth was so unimaginably large that it changed everything in one single blow. But now, thanks to new research, an even more intriguing idea has emerged: size alone doesn’t explain what happened.

The real reason the impact was so devastating may have been its angle. Had the asteroid arrived a according Earth at the time, predominantly dinosaurs on land, marine creatures in the sea and pterosaurs in the air, it appears to have struck at almost the worst possible angle imaginable, launching vast quantities of rock, dust and climate-altering gases high into the atmosphere and triggering one of the greatest mass extinctions in Earth’s history.

Source:

David Stock 2026  The Dinosaur Extinction Was More Complicated Than You Think | New Scientist July 16

Fossil fruits sand flowering plants flourished in time of dinosaurs

 

Image courtesy of Brian Engh

Joel Kontinen

According to evolution, dinosaurs now lived  with flowering plants. This is new, as the standard view of din9saurs was that they only eat each other or some form of cones,

.“Jonathan Birch at the London School of Economics says the study is the first time he has  seen “wanting” and “liking” disentangled in a bee."

“We underestimate insects so much,” he says. “It’s led to a golden age of very charming studies where scientists use modern techniques – sometimes just high-resolution, high-frame-rate video, as in this study – to reveal behaviours people have been missing.”

A wide variety of fruits and seeds that were smothered in the ash from a volcanic eruption nearly 75 million years ago suggest flowering plants were diverse and thriving in the time of the dinosaurs, far earlier than previously known.

Researchers had thought the emergence of large seeds and fruits followed the end-Cretaceous extinction, 66 million years ago, and was tied to the rise of mammals and birds.

“Now, we have evidence that large fruit and seeds and the related ecological conditions can be traced back to 10 million years before the asteroid impact that according to evolution wiped out the dinosaurs,” says Jaemin Lee at the University of California, Berkeley.

The team discovered an extraordinary 77 different kinds of fruits and seeds. Such a ready banquet of nutritious fruit would almost certainly have been eaten by herbivorous dinosaurs and other animals.The first flowering plants emerge in the fossil record 136 million years ago, but, until now, it was thought early forms were mostly small and weedy and vastly different to the range of species that dominate Earth’s forests today.

In Cretaceous deposits elsewhere, the fruit and seeds are roughly the size of a poppy seed on average – far smaller than the blueberry-sized seeds at Jose Creek.

Yes, according to Genesis, flowers and animals were created at the same time.  

Source:

James Woodforg 2026 Fossil fruits show flowering plants flourished in time of dinosaurs | New Scientist 25 June 

Archaeopteryx, one of the world's first proto birds, has a set of weird, never-before-seen features

 

Illustration by Ville Sinkkonen

Joel Kontinen

Some evolutionist think that Archaeopteryx is a a proto bird that is one the way to being a real bird. But that’s not the way these animals become birds. This is what told Live Science says  about this:

Iconic transition species between dinosaurs and birds may have had weird 'teeth' on roof of its mouth and a highly mobile tongue, study reveals searchers have uncovered an intriguing set of never-before-seen features in the skull of Archaeopteryx, an iconic dinosaur that is considered a key transitional fossil in the evolution of birds, a new study reports.

The features — which are absent in nonflying dinosaurs but are widespread in living birds — may have enabled Archaeopteryx to acquire, manipulate and process food more efficiently, the research team proposed in the study, which was published Feb. 2 in the journal The Innovation.

The newly discovered features include a tiny bone that indicates Archaeopteryx had a highly mobile tongue. The researchers also identified "weird" soft tissue traces interpret but this is qhat science daily ed as oral papillae — small, tooth-like projections on the roof of the mouth, Jingmai O'Connor, an associate curator of fossil reptiles at the Field Museum in Chicago and lead author of the study, in an email. Finally, the team found "unusual" openings near the tip of Archaeopteryx's jaw that suggest a nerve-rich structure and may represent an early analogue of what is known as a bill-tip organ in modern birds.

he identification of these features in Archaeopteryx marks their earliest known appearance in the fossil record, according to the study, suggesting these characteristics evolved during or close to the emergence of avian dinosaurs — known as birds — which is thought to have occurred during the Late Jurassic period (roughly 161.5 million to 143 million years ago). he identification of these features in Archaeopteryx marks their earliest known appearance in the fossil record, according to the study, suggesting these characteristics evolved during or close to the emergence of avian dinosaurs — known as birds — which is thought to have occurred during the Late Jurassic period (roughly 161.5 million to 143 million years ago).

Modern birds are the only dinosaur lineage that survived the mass extinction event 66 million years ago. Archaeopteryx, which lived around 150 million years ago in what is now Germany, is among the oldest — if not the earliest — known dinosaur that can also be considered a bird under a broad definition, although it was probably not the first bird to evolve, O'Connor said.

Furthermore, Archaeopteryx is unlikely to have been a direct ancestor of modern birds, research suggests. According to O'Connor, Archaeopteryx represents the earliest known dinosaur with good evidence for active, feather-driven flight, although this was likely limited to brief, powered bursts

Source: 

 Aristos Georgiou 2026 Archaeopteryx, one of the world's first proto birds, has a set of weird, never-before-seen features, new study reveals | Live Science February 13

 

 

 

Tiny predatory dinosaur weighed less than a chicken

 

Reconstruction of Alnashetri cerropoliciensis. Image courtesy of Gabriel Díaz Yantén, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro.

Joel Kontinen

Not all dinosaurs were big, some were relatively small. They weighed less than a small chicken.  

The 95-million-year-old fossil of Alnashetri cerropoliciensis was found at the La Buitrera site in northern Patagonia, Argentina, in 2014.

The first specimen of Alnashetri, found in 2012, was a set of incomplete hindlimb bones, says Peter Makovicky at the University of Minnesota, who was part of the study on the new fossil. With only fragmentary remains, it was impossible to say more than that it was probably an Alvarezsaur. “We were not even sure if it was a juvenile or fully grown,” he says.

“With a whole skeleton, we suddenly had all the information to understand how Alnashetri was similar or differed from other species, and a key to understanding how the unusual anatomy of Alvarezsaurs evolved,” says Makovicky.

The new fossil has very long, slender hind limbs and surprisingly long forelimbs that retain three well-developed fingers. Detailed analysis of the fossil bones revealed the dinosaur was an adult and at least 4 years old.

Alvarezsaurs were once thought to be early ancestors of birds. However, it is now clear that, while Alnashetri might have had some superficial resemblance to a bird, it and all the Alvarezsaurs were, in fact, non-avian theropods. “The new discovery certainly underscores this,” says Mackovicky.

Some evolutionists think that dinosaurs have been descended from birds.

Previously, it was thought that all the tiny alvarezsaurs had very short, stout forelimbs with a large thumb but shrunken side digits, and tiny teeth. Palaeontologists thought these anatomical features evolved alongside their shrinking body size because they only ate ants and termites, says Makovicky. “But Alnashetri does not fit that mould – it is among the smaller Alvarezsaurs, but neither its teeth nor its forelimbs are reduced, because it represents a much earlier branch on the Alvarezsaur evolutionary tree.”

In fact, its forearms are more typical of other Theropods rather than a specialist ant-eater, he says. “Alnashetri is tiny but is otherwise built like a more typical Theropod – given its small size, it probably ate its fair share of invertebrates, but probably had a wider range of prey.”

That means palaeontologists still don’t fully understand why these dinosaurs became so small. “We’re left with only a vaguer sense that Alvarezsaurs were successful at occupying the niches of very small predators,” says Mackovicky.

Source:

James Woodford 2026 Tiny predatory dinosaur weighed less than a chicken | New Scientist 25 February 

Rethink of fossils hints dinosaurs still thrived before asteroid hit

 

Image courtesy of Davide Bonadonna

Joel Kontinen

When according to evolution, did the dinosaurs die? In most cases, they say it was around 66 million years ago, but new research shows they did not die,

Dinosaurs likely weren’t declining before an asteroid wiped them all out; instead, there may just be limited fossils from that time period, according to a new study.

It has been hotly debated whether dinosaur populations were thriving or dwindling when a huge asteroid slammed into the planet about 66 million years ago. Specifically, a drop in the availability of dinosaur fossils from the years leading up to the asteroid has led some scientists to believe the giants were doomed regardless of the impact.

Christopher Dean at University College London and his team analysed a dataset of more than 8000 fossils from four types of dinosaurs that lived between 84 million and 66 million years ago in North America, including the famed Tyrannosaurus rex and Triceratops. They found many fossils of dinosaurs from 84 million to 75 million years ago – and then that number drops in the following 9 million years leading up to the Chicxulub impact. But there was more.

When calculating how much land is currently accessible to palaeontologists from the years leading up to the asteroid’s impact and how many excavation expeditions have been undertaken in those areas, Dean’s team found there simply aren’t many of the right rocks available for today’s scientists to study.

Because palaeontologists look for fossils in ancient layers of Earth’s crust that have since been exposed to the surface, it is like working on “a puzzle where half the pieces are missing,” says Dean.

When the team used ecological models to estimate the plausible number of dinosaurs in those areas — including information about the geology and geography at the time — their calculations suggested that overall dinosaur numbers stayed stable before the asteroid impact. There weren’t fewer dinosaurs at the time; we are just less likely to find them, says Dean: “It looks like our ability to detect dinosaurs is influencing the patterns that we see in the fossil records more than anything else.”

This adds to the growing body of research suggesting there is a bias in how many fossils palaeontologists can access from North America in the 9 million years leading up to the asteroid hit, according to Manabu Sakamoto from Reading University in the UK, who was not involved in the study. Yet, he says, this doesn’t change the bigger picture of dinosaurs being in decline before the asteroid hit.

Even if dinosaurs were still populous and dominant towards the end of the Cretaceous period, there doesn’t seem to be a lot of variation in their species. Sakamoto’s research suggests that, during the 175 million years dinosaurs roamed Earth, the rate at which new species of dinosaurs appeared was slowing down overall, leading to more dinosaur species going extinct than new ones evolving.

This long-term decline in dinosaur diversity still holds true, says Sakamoto, despite the new research suggesting a bias in the available fossils: “Those two things are not mutually exclusive of each other.”

According to the creation based  timeline, dinosaurs did not die off so suddenly but they have been around much later.

 Source:

 Sofia Quaglia 2025 Rethink of fossils hints dinosaurs still thrived before asteroid hit | New Scientist 8 April 

 

Two-fingered dinosaur used its enormous claws to eat leaves

 

Image courtesy of Masato Hattori

Joel Kontinen 

A dinosaur fossil discovered in Mongolia boasts the largest ever complete claw, but the herbivorous species only used it to grasp vegetation.

How can a dinosaur with just two fingers live? This is according to a study just published, but fossils may have some missing items that are found elsewhere.  

A new species of dinosaur found at a Mongolian building site has the largest fully preserved claw ever found. The bipedal, herbivorous animal had only two fingers on each hand, which it may have used to grasp branches and pull fingers them towards its mouth.

The 90-million-year-old fossil – which included parts of the pelvis, both arms and hands, and numerous vertebrae – was found near Khanbogd in the Gobi desert in 2012, but it has only now been properly studied and given the scientific name Duonychus tsogtbaatari. The genus name means “two claws” and the species name honours Mongolian palaeontologist Khishigjav Tsogtbaatar.

Source:

James Woodford  2025 Two-fingered dinosaur used its enormous claws to eat leaves | New Scientist 20 March 

 

What were the Velociraptors?

 

Joel Kontinen

Velociraptors were turkey sized animals. The dino sized things in the film Jurassic Park described what these Cretaceous predators looked like Deinonychus. That was what scientists thought at that time.

”In 2007, researchers confirmed that Velociraptors had feathers. The presence of feathers gave Velociraptors a whole new look that was far more bird-like than how they — or Deinonychus — were previously depicted.”

that is what evolution says. 

Source:

Patrick Pester 2024 A sea monster with it's head on it's butt? 10 times we were completely wrong about dinosaur-age creatures 30.12.

Dinosaurs may have run like emus by keeping one foot on the ground

 

Emus always have one foot on the ground when running at an intermediate pace

Image courstesy of Imagebroker / Alamy Stock Photo

Joel Kontinen

How did dinosaurs run? According a new  study, they run like emus, which is strange.

“If you want to imagine a dinosaur running, then perhaps look at emus. They probably shared a similar posture, which makes it most energy efficient to keep one foot on the ground when running at an intermediate pace.

Pasha van Bijlert at Utrecht University in the Netherlands and his colleagues wanted to understand why birds have a style of running that is so different to humans.

For instance, emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae), which can sprint at up to 50 kilometres per hour, always have one foot on the ground when running at intermediate speeds. This was thought to require much more energy than the “aerial” running style, in which both feet are off the ground at the same time, which is seen in other bipeds, such as people.

To learn more, the scientists built a computer model based on an emu and used physics simulations to measure the energy output of different running styles, while varying the bird’s anatomy.

“These are all changes you can’t really make in a real bird, but they represent differences between different bird species,” says van Bijlert. “For example, quails are very crouched and their tendons probably don’t store a lot of energy. Emus are, comparatively, pretty upright, but their tendons store a lot of energy.”

But dinosaurs and emus have lots of differences, Emus are birds, and dinos are not. God created each species in its own way and dinos can never really run like emus.

Source:

James Woodford 2024  Dinosaurs may have run like emus by keeping one foot on the ground | New Scientist 25 September

Britain’s ‘dinosaur highway’ discovered as hundreds of footprints found in quarry

 

Image courtesy of Friends of Dinosaur Valley State Park via Facebook

 Joel Kontinen

“A newly discovered ‘dinosaur highway’ has been discovered buried under mud in a quarry in England.

Researchers have discovered nearly 200 dinosaur footprints dating back 166 million years, changing what we knew about the creatures.

The dig, carried out at Dewars Farm Quarry in Oxfordshire by teams from the Universities of Oxford and Birmingham, uncovered five extensive trackways, forming part of a ‘dinosaur highway’ – with evidence of more in the surrounding area.”  

In this research, the millions of years have teemed up with evolution,  as if these dinosaurs truly lived at that time, but many things say that they did not live at that time as dinosaur DNA does not last that long. .

Source:

Stephanie Wareham 2025 Britain’s ‘dinosaur highway’ discovered as hundreds of footprints found in quarry 2 January

What is the trouble with Iguanodon?

 

Iguanodon. Image courtesy of Nobu Tamura, Creative Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0).

Joel Kontinen

When the first fossil was found in 1822, it was thought that it would walk like a dinosaur with a horn at the top of its head, but this was lately found too be thumbs.

”Husband and wife pair Mary Ann and Gideon Algernon Mantell discovered the first Iguanodon fossils in 1822. Gideon, an amateur paleontologist, tried to determine what this ancient herbivore looked like when it was alive during the Cretaceous period (145 million to 66 million years ago). He settled on an appearance that was similar to a living iguana, albeit giant, because their teeth were similar — Iguanodon means "Iguana tooth."

The first relatively complete Iguanodon skeletons emerged towards the end of the 19th century and suggested a bipedal form. Today, researchers know that Iguanodon mostly walked on all fours, but could move bipedally while using its hands for grasping.

The fossils also had two spikes, which were initially depicted as a horn — perhaps because living rhinoceros iguanas (Cyclura cornuta) have a small horn — that later turned out to be thumbs, according to the Natural History Museum in London.”

The millions of years in this study is all wrong, as some scientist have stated that dinos did not live at the time.

Source: 

Patrick Pester 2024 A sea monster with its head on its butt? 10 times we were completely wrong about dinosaur-age creatures | Live Science 30 December

Did dinosaurs fly?

Image courtesy of Dffdfdfdhmkt gmkgmtfkfgmgmgggg (CC BY-SA)

Joel Kontinen

This story us back 129 million  years ago when a dinosaurs had wings flight that it may have taken flight. But the  proof is Darwinian storytelling, that cannot be held as true.

”Tiny tracks in South Korea symbolise a moment 120 million years ago when a dinosaur took advantage of its wings to cover ground in large leaps – the oldest track evidence of wing-assisted movement in these extinct animals.

Whether the creature, which was a raptor and not part of the lineage that led to birds, took full flight is uncertain. But the tracks support previous ideas that aerodynamics evolved multiple times across prehistoric lines, says Alexander Dececchi at Dakota State University in South Dakota.

“It’s pretty rare to find these kinds of [pre-flight] tracks, and then to find them in an animal that’s not even a bird – that’s pretty special,” he says.

Velociraptors and other raptors (dromaeosaurids) are the ancestors of modern birds, but their lineage split into avian and non-avian, or “paravian”, lines about 170 million years ago. Despite having feathers and wings, paravian dinosaurs generally seemed to lack the wingspan needed to offset their body weight, says team member Michael Pittman at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

But Pittman, Dececchi and their colleagues suspected that some paravian dinosaurs could fly, or at least glide, before full flight evolved in birds, based on muscles in their upper bodies. That suspicion grew stronger as they investigated more than 2600 rows of dinosaur tracks around the world.”

Yes, evolutionists are still uncertain if the animals flew.

Source:

Christa Lesté-Lasserre 2024. Preserved tracks suggest non-avian dinosaurs used their wings to run | New Scientist 21.October.

Alligator gar: The 'living fossil' that has barely evolved for "100 million years"

 

Image courtesy of © Danny Ye / Alamy Stock Photo

Joel Kontinen

A living fossil has been found that can grow as large as an alligator, and it has a strong armour that it survived the death of the dinosaurs when an asteroid killed them in "66million years" ago according to evolutionary speculation.  

Its name is Alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) and it lives in the south of the USA, and in Mexico, it grows to about 24 metres or eight feet long and can be mistaken for a ferocious alligator but it only eats crabs and little fish,  turtles and carrion.

Source:

Melissa Hobson 2024.  Alligator gar: The 'living fossil' that has barely evolved for 100 million years (msn.com)  6. October.

Ancient people carved mysterious symbols near dinosaur footprints

 

Image courtesy of Leonardo Troiano/ National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage, Brazil.

Joel Kontinen

What do the ancient tribes of Brazil have to do with dinosaurs?

”Mysterious rock carvings found next to dinosaur tracks in Brazil suggest ancient people discovered the footprints thousands of years ago and recognised them as meaningful.

The Serrote do Letreiro site in Paraíba state features the footprints of theropod, sauropod and ornithopod dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous Epoch, between 145 million and 100 million years ago. Adjacent to these are numerous rock carvings, or, petroglyphs, predominantly circular with radial lines and other abstract motifs.”

But the dates supposed for the dinosaurs is in error. They can be that old.

Source:

Soumya Sagar, 2024. Ancient people carved mysterious symbols near dinosaur footprints | New Scientist 26 March.

 

Animals grew in size

 

Image courtesy of Corey Ford/Stocktrek Images/Science Source, 

Joel Kontinen

According to evolution, when the Cretaceous did away with the dinosaurs, many mammals underwent a rapid increase in size. Several hypothesis have been put forward for this increase in size.

For instance, the in brontotheres, was a large mammal from the from the Eocene that grew in size. 

The researchers think that the increase in body size was caused by a macroevolutionary process of species being sorted. 

Source:

Vignieri,  Sacha,  Growing bigger, Science 12 May. 

New dinosaur found in Africa

 

Image courtesy of Andrey Atuchin

Joel Kontinen

 

 

A dinosaur Named Mbiresaurus raathi was discovered in Zimbabwe stood at least a metre tall, ran on two legs, weighed around 30 kilograms.

According to evolutionists, this late Triassic fossil could help us understand how the period’s climate influenced the dispersal of early dinosaurs. the researchers date it to be around 230 million years ago.

According to evolution,  dinosaurs are thought to have avoided the harsh deserts to the north of this zone, to which they weren’t well-adapted.

This flies in the face of Artic dinosaurs.

Source:

Truscott, Ryan, 2022. Two-legged dinosaur from Zimbabwe is the oldest ever found in Africa.  New Scientist.  31 August

Ancient 'Dragon of Death' flying reptile discovered in Argentina

 

Image courtesy of PIXABAY. 

Joel Kontinen

Argentine scientist have discovered a new reptile called "The Dragon of Death". This pterosaur Is Thought To Have Lived  some 86 million years ago, during the Cretaceous period time or the  the dinosaurs.

It was not a slight creature, it measured some 9 meters or 30 feet long. 

 Source:

Ancient 'Dragon of Death' flying reptile discovered in Argentina, Jerusalem Post. 24 May.

Lizards lived with the dinosaurs

 

Iiage courtey of jorge Herrera Flores, .

Joel Kontinen

Researchers have found lizards that are 50 million years older than they were supposed to be. 

“New resear published  on May 3^rd,  in eLife by scientists from the Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP) and the University of Bristol challenges the current consensus that the radiation of squamates happened in the Cretaceous period. This was when according to evolution, many terrestrial tetrapod groups like mammals, lizards and birds, apparently underwent a great diversification,”

It appears that the evolutionists were lying of the time that lizard arose,  They arose just in time to live  with the dinosaurs.The lizards were thought to live  the Jurassic between 201 and 145 miilion years, long before current estimates. 

Source: 

University of  Bristol. 2022.  Researchers discoveroverlooked Jurassic Park of lizards 3 May. 

Evolutionist asks: why did cockroaches escape the 66 million year old catastrophe?

 

Image courtesy of Anders L. Damgaard CC BY-SA 4.0.

Joel Kontinen

Evolutionist asks. why did cockroaches escape the 66 million year old catastrophe?

How did cockroaches survive tinosaur  killing asteroid strike? That is what some evolution believing scientist ask.

They seem to know that when the rock now known as the Chicxulub impactor plummeted from outer space and slammed into the Earth 66 million years ago, cockroaches were there.

This is because millions of years are Darwinian dogma that they cannot doubt. 

Here’ s how an evolution believing scientist explains it. “The impact caused a massive earthquake, and scientists think it also triggered volcanic eruptions thousands of miles from the impact site. Three-quarters of plants and animals on Earth died, including all dinosaurs, except for some species that were ancestors of today’s birds.

How could roaches a couple of inches long survive when so many powerful animals went extinct? It turns out that they were nicely equipped to live through a meteoric catastrophe.”

Cockroaches are small, and their bodies are very flat and they can hide hey practically anywhere.

Evolution believing scientist cannot explain why some dinosaurs turned intp birds, as birds lived with dinos,  

Source:

Lovett, Brian. 2022, How did cockroaches survive the dino-killing asteroid strike? Live Science 4 April.