Astronomers discover a giant, rocky 'mega-Earth' 23 times more massive than our planet

 

Image courtesy of  NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt (SSC).

Joel Kontinen

Researchers have found a  giant mega-Earth that is 23 times more passive than Earth, It is build on rock.

Called GJ 523b, the exoplanet is about 2.5 times wider than Earth but packs roughly 23 times our planet's mass into that relatively compact size. Worlds this large and dense are sometimes referred to as "mega-Earths," an informal term for unusually massive, predominantly rocky planets. GJ 523b's high density suggests it contains relatively little atmosphere despite being large enough that astronomers would normally expect it to have accumulated a substantial gaseous envelope, according to a statement from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

"This isn't what we expected at all," Max Kroft, lead author of the study, said in the statement. "Dense planets like this aren't uncommon, but they're usually small rocky planets similar to Earth or Mercury. This planet is two and a half times bigger than the Earth."

The team calculated that GJ 523b has a mass about 23.5 times that of Earth, a radius 2.55 times larger and a density of about 126.82 grams per cubic inch. It circles its star every 17.75 days. Evolutionists claim that the planetary system is also relatively young, at an estimated nearly 170 million years old, according to the study.

That combination of size, mass and youth poses a puzzle for planet formation models. Planets begin by building cores of rock and metal, which can then pull in hydrogen and helium from the disk of gas and dust surrounding a young star. In our own solar system, giant planets such as Jupiter and Saturn are thought to have begun rapidly accumulating their massive gaseous envelopes once their growing cores reached roughly 20 times Earth's mass.

GJ 523b is already about 23 times Earth's mass, putting it beyond that threshold. Yet instead of developing into a gas-rich world, its unusually high density suggests it has relatively little gas and remains predominantly rocky — raising the question of why it followed such a different path.

According to evolutionists, one possibility is that GJ 523b initially formed with a thick atmosphere that was later stripped away. Another is that it formed through a collision between two planets, creating a larger rocky world while blasting much of their gaseous envelopes into space, according to the statement.

But that is speculating on Darwinist fables.

Source:

Samantha Mathewson 2026 Astronomers discover a giant, rocky 'mega-Earth' 23 times more massive than our planet | Space 19 August

 

Mystery hominin left big footprints at ancient lake in Africa

 

Image courtesy of Kevin G. Hatala

Footprints left by eight ancient hominins 1.43 million years ago beside a Kenyan lake have puzzled researchers because they don’t look quite as expected for species known to have lived there at that time.

Altogether, 21 hominin footprints have been found at the Lake Turkana site, known to researchers as GaJi10, part of which was first discovered in 1978. They are not the footprints of homo erectus or Paranthropus boisei,  

 Source:

James Woodford 2026 Mystery hominin left big footprints at ancient lake in Africa | New Scientist 27 July 

 

 

A Lazarus monkey has been found in the Congo

 

The newly recognised monkey species Colobus congoensis. Image courtesy of Daniel Rosengren

Joel Kontinen

A new Lazarus animal, black colobus monkey from a remote part of the Congo Basin rainforest, is thought to be severely threatened by poaching.

The monkey is known as Likweli to local people who hunt it for bushmeat, and it has been given the scientific name Colobus congoensis. It lives in one of the most inaccessible parts of Africa, without paved roads or infrastructure. This monkey is relative to other Asian colobine monkeys.

 “A typical expedition involves multiple modes of transportation: a flight, followed by a motorcycle ride, two days of hiking on foot and finally travel by dugout canoe to reach the monkey’s range,” says Kate Detwiler at Florida Atlantic University.

Detwiler and her colleagues believe the species’ mask-like face may represent ancestral traits that were present before the African and Asian colobine lineages diverged over 8 million years ago. according to evolution, “If so, likweli may have retained characteristics that were subsequently modified or lost in the other African colobus species,” says Detwiler.

Scientists first became aware of the species in 2008 when a team surveying on the banks of the Lomami river, in what is now Lomami National Park, took a photo that showed only a part of a monkey that had not been seen before, high in the canopy.

Then, in November 2018, another group again spotted the monkey, which is about 1.3 metres long and weighs around 7 kilograms. Between 2018 and 2022, there were 114 recorded observations of the new species, 25 of which were from vocalisations.

Source:

James Woodford 2026 Congolese monkey with mask-like face and strong BO is new to science | New Scientist 15 July

 

The Dinosaur Extinction Was More Complicated Than You Think

 

Joel Kontinen

According to evolution, the asteroid impact that killed the dinosaurs some 66 million years ago. According to Genesis it happened during the time of Noah. It did not kill all the dinosaurs, as the account in Job tells us.  

Dinosaurs are the biggest creatures to have ever walked on land, dominating Earth for over 130 million years according to evolution. But how could such extraordinary creatures have simply vanished in the blink of a geological eye? For decades, we’ve assumed these prehistoric megafauna – a staple of our childhoods and Hollywood movies – went extinct for one simple reason: the asteroid that hit Earth was so unimaginably large that it changed everything in one single blow. But now, thanks to new research, an even more intriguing idea has emerged: size alone doesn’t explain what happened.

The real reason the impact was so devastating may have been its angle. Had the asteroid arrived a according Earth at the time, predominantly dinosaurs on land, marine creatures in the sea and pterosaurs in the air, it appears to have struck at almost the worst possible angle imaginable, launching vast quantities of rock, dust and climate-altering gases high into the atmosphere and triggering one of the greatest mass extinctions in Earth’s history.

Source:

David Stock 2026  The Dinosaur Extinction Was More Complicated Than You Think | New Scientist July 16

Fossil fruits sand flowering plants flourished in time of dinosaurs

 

Image courtesy of Brian Engh

Joel Kontinen

According to evolution, dinosaurs now lived  with flowering plants. This is new, as the standard view of din9saurs was that they only eat each other or some form of cones,

.“Jonathan Birch at the London School of Economics says the study is the first time he has  seen “wanting” and “liking” disentangled in a bee."

“We underestimate insects so much,” he says. “It’s led to a golden age of very charming studies where scientists use modern techniques – sometimes just high-resolution, high-frame-rate video, as in this study – to reveal behaviours people have been missing.”

A wide variety of fruits and seeds that were smothered in the ash from a volcanic eruption nearly 75 million years ago suggest flowering plants were diverse and thriving in the time of the dinosaurs, far earlier than previously known.

Researchers had thought the emergence of large seeds and fruits followed the end-Cretaceous extinction, 66 million years ago, and was tied to the rise of mammals and birds.

“Now, we have evidence that large fruit and seeds and the related ecological conditions can be traced back to 10 million years before the asteroid impact that according to evolution wiped out the dinosaurs,” says Jaemin Lee at the University of California, Berkeley.

The team discovered an extraordinary 77 different kinds of fruits and seeds. Such a ready banquet of nutritious fruit would almost certainly have been eaten by herbivorous dinosaurs and other animals.The first flowering plants emerge in the fossil record 136 million years ago, but, until now, it was thought early forms were mostly small and weedy and vastly different to the range of species that dominate Earth’s forests today.

In Cretaceous deposits elsewhere, the fruit and seeds are roughly the size of a poppy seed on average – far smaller than the blueberry-sized seeds at Jose Creek.

Yes, according to Genesis, flowers and animals were created at the same time.  

Source:

James Woodforg 2026 Fossil fruits show flowering plants flourished in time of dinosaurs | New Scientist 25 June 

A worm that lived half a billion years ago preferred turning right

 

Image courtesy of Scott Evans/AMNH

Joel Kontinen

Do animals prefer their right hand? This is shown by a fossil that evolutionist say is a half million years ago.  

A 555-million-year-old worm had a predilection for turning right, possibly indicating the oldest known example of handedness.

Scott Evans at the American Museum of Natural History in New York and his colleagues analysed 100 fossil specimens of a small flatworm-like creature, Spriggina floundersi, collected in South Australia over recent decades.

These animals lived during the Ediacaran Period, when multicellular life first became widespread. It preceded the Cambrian explosion, when animal life diversified dramatically and many groups of animals first appeared. according to evolution.

This is what evolutionist say, their dating in millions of years is not true.     

Source:

James Woodford 2026 A worm that lived half a billion years ago preferred turning right | New Scientist 9 July

Early Homo sapiens may have lived in rainforests, new clues suggest — and it could overturn our understanding of human evolution

 

Image courtesy of Phil P Harris, CC BY-SA 2.5

Joel Kontinen

Did early humans live in the rainforests ages ago? This is what new study suggests.  

Nearly 70,000 years ago, modern humans created stunning rock art in an unexpected place: the tropical Indonesian island of Sulawe. The finding, announced in January, made headlines for being the oldest known rock art in the world.

But the discovery's location also highlighted another surprising finding: that members of our species, Homo sapiens, were thriving in the tropics tens of thousands of years ago.

But that perspective has been changing over the past few decades. Sulawesi's ancient rock art is one of several clues that modern humans may have lived in tropical rainforests for hundreds of thousands of years. That would mean modern humans could have been living in these hot, wet regions since soon after the emergence of our species in Africa around 300,000 years ago.

Understanding how, when and where modern humans inhabited rainforests — and how that shaped our evolution — "may give us an insight into something about what it means to be uniquely human," Patrick Roberts, an archaeologist and anthropologist at the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology and author of the book "Jungle: How Tropical Forests Shaped World History" (Penguin, 2022), said, .

But the evolution thing is not true.

Conventional wisdom held that modern humans emerged from one parent population in an East African savanna and did not encounter rainforests until around 12,000 years ago, after agriculture emerged to support survival in these climes. The lack of H. sapiens fossils from Africa's tropics appeared to support this view.

Then, in 2017, scientists identified the oldest modern-human fossils — except they weren't in East Africa, but rather in Jebel Irhoud, Morocco. The following year, Eleanor Scerri, an archaeological scientist at the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology in Germany, and her colleagues reviewed archaeological evidence, including the Jebel Irhoud fossils, and integrated it with genetic data from present-day populations. The evidence pointed toward H. sapiens originating from many subdivided populations across Africa.

Source:

Sophie Berdugo 2026 Early Homo sapiens may have lived in rainforests, new clues suggest — and it could overturn our understanding of human evolution | Live Science 26 June

 

 

 

 

 

Complex life on Earth may last 500 million years longer than expected

 

Image courtesy of Vimal-S/Unsplash,

Joel Kontinen

How long  will complex life dwell on Earth? Some researchers say that it will be 500 million years in the future.

As the sun expands over the coming billions of years, Earth will become inhospitable to any life more complex than a microbe – but that might take longer than we thought.

The sun is getting brighter and expanding as it ages, and will one day begin to cook our planet before engulfing it altogether – but complex life may be able to hold on in this hellish Earth scenario for much longer than we previously thought.

Estimates based on looking at other stars suggest that our sun is maturing into a red giant, a process that will destroy Earth in around 5 billion years, but it remains an open question as to how long the planet will remain habitable. As far as complex life goes, the last standing will be the vegetative biosphere – plants, both aquatic and terrestrial. Their ability to continue thriving will be mediated in part by the temperature of the planet, but mainly by the levels of carbon dioxide, which is necessary for photosynthesis.

But  according to the book of Revelation, life on Earth will be very different.

 Source:

 Leah Crane 2026 Complex life on Earth may last 500 million years longer than expected | New Scientist18 June 

 

Hidden store of manganese may have helped Earth get its oxygen

 

Image courtesy of Claus Lunau/Science Photo Library.

Joel Kontinen

Computer simulations have uncovered a new manganese compound that could exist deep in Earth’s mantle and may be connected to the process that gave our atmosphere oxygen.

When did the Earth get its oxygen? According to a new study, it may have got it from manganese that may have been present deep before in the Earth’s mantle.  Some evolutionists believe that manganese was present in the early stages of the Earth’s history.

Deep below our feet, manganese may exist in a form we have never seen before, and this underground source of the metal could have played a role in the story of how Earth got its oxygen.

Until about 2 billion years ago, Earth’s atmosphere barely contained any oxygen. Then came the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) when oxygen produced by photosynthesizing microbes started to accumulate, spurring development of more diverse forms of life and changing the planet.

Manganese is thought to have been a crucial component in an early version of photosynthesis, before the evolution of the oxygen-producing pathway that is widespread today. In Earth’s crust, manganese is commonly found in oxygen-containing ores, which started to accumulate at around the same time as the GOE.

Source:

 Karmela Padavic-Callaghan 2026 Hidden store of manganese may have helped Earth get its oxygen | New Scientist 2 June 

Millions of planets might form around supermassive black holes

 

Massive amounts of dust swirl around active nuclei at the centres of galaxies, and these discs could give rise to vast numbers of rocky planets, some even the size of stars. Image courtesy of NASA and M. Weiss/Chandra X-ray Center

Joel Kontinen

What does black holes done for planets? According to a recently published study, they form planets around supermassive black holes.

The active centres of galaxies might be regions of extraordinary planet formation, where millions of worlds are born.

Most galaxies in the universe, such as our own Milky Way, host a supermassive black hole at their centre. Most of the time, these black holes are quiescent, as there is no matter falling into them. But occasionally they become active and consume huge amounts of dust and gas, perhaps from a merger with another according to evolution, becoming an active galactic nucleus for millions of years.

Source:

By Jonathan O’Callaghan 2026 Millions of planets might form around supermassive black holes | New Scientist 28 May

There's a new T. rex from the dinosaur age — and it ruled the seas with a skull-crushing bite

 

An artist's reconstruction of Tylosaurus rex swimming in the Cretaceous seas of North America. Image courtesy of Alderon Games/Path of Titans.

Joel Kontinen

There's a new T. rex in town.  However,  this one didn't hunt on land. It ruled the ancient seas.

Scientists have described a new species of mosasaur, a member of a marine reptile group that lived at the same time as dinosaurs during the Cretaceous period (145 million to 66 million years ago). The newly named species fits into an already known genus: Tylosaurus. But its new species name, Tylosaurus rex — T. rex, for short — sets it apart from the other mosasaur species in the group.

The species name means "king of the tylosaurs," according to a new study published  May 21 in the journal Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. According to evolution, the fossils are about 80 million years old and were discovered mostly in northern Texas decades ago.

The mosasaur T. rex measured up to 13 meters) long, or about the length of a tour bus. It had finely serrated teeth, unusually powerful jaws, and evidence on its fossils of violent combat with its own species.

While examining a fossil in the American Museum of Natural History's collection, Zietlow noticed that a specimen labeled as Tylosaurus proriger — a well-known mosasaur species first described in 1869 — didn't quite match others of its kind. The unusual fossil was discovered in 1979 near an artificial reservoir outside Dallas.

After comparing the specimen with the original name-bearing fossil of T. proriger held at Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology, Zietlow and her colleagues found that it belonged to a newfound species

Compared with T. proriger, the newly described T. rex was  4 metres longer, had finely serrated teeth (which T. proriger lacked) and lived several million years later. Most T. proriger fossils were discovered in what is now Kansas and are roughly 84 million years old, while the fossils now identified as T. rex are mostly from Texas and date to about 80 million years ago. At that time, the Western Interior Seaway stretched from the Gulf of Mexico up to the Arctic and was home to many sea creatures, including mosasaurs.

But the dates in the millions of years are inflated.  

Source:

Kenna Hughes-Castleberry 2026 There's a new T. rex from the dinosaur age — and it ruled the seas with a skull-crushing bite | Live Science May 21

 

 

 

 

Strange mammal ancestor laid huge, leathery eggs — and it was key to surviving the world's worst mass extinction

 

Image courtesy of Professor Julien Benoit.

Joel Kontinen

Evolutionists think that mass extinctions killed most of the animals before the giant universal deluge that took place at the time of Noah.

Using synchrotron X-ray CT scans of a fossilized, intact embryo, researchers found evidence that the plant-eating mammal Lystrosaurus laid eggs, which answers a key question about mammalian evolution. Scientists have cracked a major mystery about mammal evolution after discovering a 250 million-year-old fossilized egg from before the time of the dinosaurs. Researchers say the specimen, which holds a curled-up embryo of the plant-eating animal Lystrosaurus, is the first known egg ever found from a mammal ancestor, proving that mammals' ancestors laid eggs.

The egg could help paleontologists better understand how these animals survived the Permian-Triassic extinction, also known as the Great Dying, which occurred around 252 million years ago. During this event, Earth faced brutal heat, drought, volcanic eruptions and ocean acidification, and 90% of Earth's species died.

"It reveals how reproductive strategies can shape survival in extreme environments: by producing large, yolk-rich eggs and precocial young, Lystrosaurus was able to thrive in the harsh, unpredictable conditions following the end-Permian mass extinction," Julien Benoit, a paleontologist and associate professor at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa's Evolutionary Studies Institute, said in a statement.

Source:

Kenna Hughes-Castleberry 2026 Strange mammal ancestor laid huge, leathery eggs —‬ and it was key to surviving the world's worst mass extinction | Live Science April 15

 

 

 

Archaeopteryx, one of the world's first proto birds, has a set of weird, never-before-seen features

 

Illustration by Ville Sinkkonen

Joel Kontinen

Some evolutionist think that Archaeopteryx is a a proto bird that is one the way to being a real bird. But that’s not the way these animals become birds. This is what told Live Science says  about this:

Iconic transition species between dinosaurs and birds may have had weird 'teeth' on roof of its mouth and a highly mobile tongue, study reveals searchers have uncovered an intriguing set of never-before-seen features in the skull of Archaeopteryx, an iconic dinosaur that is considered a key transitional fossil in the evolution of birds, a new study reports.

The features — which are absent in nonflying dinosaurs but are widespread in living birds — may have enabled Archaeopteryx to acquire, manipulate and process food more efficiently, the research team proposed in the study, which was published Feb. 2 in the journal The Innovation.

The newly discovered features include a tiny bone that indicates Archaeopteryx had a highly mobile tongue. The researchers also identified "weird" soft tissue traces interpret but this is qhat science daily ed as oral papillae — small, tooth-like projections on the roof of the mouth, Jingmai O'Connor, an associate curator of fossil reptiles at the Field Museum in Chicago and lead author of the study, in an email. Finally, the team found "unusual" openings near the tip of Archaeopteryx's jaw that suggest a nerve-rich structure and may represent an early analogue of what is known as a bill-tip organ in modern birds.

he identification of these features in Archaeopteryx marks their earliest known appearance in the fossil record, according to the study, suggesting these characteristics evolved during or close to the emergence of avian dinosaurs — known as birds — which is thought to have occurred during the Late Jurassic period (roughly 161.5 million to 143 million years ago). he identification of these features in Archaeopteryx marks their earliest known appearance in the fossil record, according to the study, suggesting these characteristics evolved during or close to the emergence of avian dinosaurs — known as birds — which is thought to have occurred during the Late Jurassic period (roughly 161.5 million to 143 million years ago).

Modern birds are the only dinosaur lineage that survived the mass extinction event 66 million years ago. Archaeopteryx, which lived around 150 million years ago in what is now Germany, is among the oldest — if not the earliest — known dinosaur that can also be considered a bird under a broad definition, although it was probably not the first bird to evolve, O'Connor said.

Furthermore, Archaeopteryx is unlikely to have been a direct ancestor of modern birds, research suggests. According to O'Connor, Archaeopteryx represents the earliest known dinosaur with good evidence for active, feather-driven flight, although this was likely limited to brief, powered bursts

Source: 

 Aristos Georgiou 2026 Archaeopteryx, one of the world's first proto birds, has a set of weird, never-before-seen features, new study reveals | Live Science February 13

 

 

 

Hidden fossils reveal secrets of oceans before major mass extinction

Image Courtesy of Jonathan Aitchisonaccr,

Joel Kontinen

According to evolution, one mass extinction took place many millions of years ago. The evidence for this was tiny fossils found in Australia.  However, the timing of the extinction was very wrong,

A tiny pellet of ancient rock, a mere half the size of a grain of rice, has yielded 20 microscopic fossils representing eight different species, including one that is entirely new to science. The discovery will enhance our understanding of the second-largest known mass extinction. It also shows how new analytical techniques are unlocking parts of the fossil record that according to evolution, have previously gone overlooked.

Jonathan Aitchison at the University of Queensland, Australia, and his colleagues extracted the pellet from a rock that was collected in late 2018 from the Sichuan basin in China, about 300 kilometres south of Xian. The rock is 445 million years old, which means it formed just before the Late Ordovician mass extinction – the second most severe to have occurred over the past 500 million years according to evolution.

Source: 

James Woodford 2026 Hidden fossils reveal secrets of oceans before major mass extinction | New Scientist 10 April 

Surprise fossil discoveries push back the evolution of complex animals

 

Artist’s reconstruction of the ancient ocean ecosystem preserved in the Jiangchuan biota. Image courtesy of Xiaodong Wang.

Joel Kontinen

Some evolutionists believe that complex life on earth began way before the Cambrian explosion, which for Darwinists has been a mystery.  Can complex life begin without intelligence?

And the time frame for these events is very much wrong.

A huge and beautifully preserved suite of fossils discovered in China has cast doubt on the idea that complex life flourished dramatically during a rapid burst of evolution known as the Cambrian explosion.

This event, spanning roughly 541 million to 513 million years ago, is when most of the animal groups alive today are thought to have first appeared, along with a bizarre array of evolutionary experiments that later went extinct.

Source:

James Woodford 2026 Surprise fossil discoveries push back the evolution of complex animals | New Scientist 2 April 

Fossils discovered in Egypt may be the closest ancestor of all apes

 

The reconstruction of Masripithecus moghraensis, an ape that lived around 17 million years ago. Image courtesy of Mauricio Antón/Professor Hesham Sallam

Joel Kontinen

Pieces of jawbone and teeth found in Egypt have been identified as a new early ape species named Masripithecus moghraensis, which lived about 17 million years ago

When according to evolution, was the earliest fossil of all apes discovered.   

A newly discovered ape species that lived around 17 million years ago suggests that the first apes may have evolved in North Africa, not East Africa as previously thought.

In 2023 and 2024, at the Wadi Moghra archaeological site in northern Egypt, Shorouq Al-Ashqar at Mansoura University, Egypt, and her colleagues found teeth and jawbones from two ancient apes in deposits dated to approximately 17 million to 18 million years old.

According to Genesis,  God created each species so that it would fill the circle assigned to it, so no thousands or millions of years are needed.  

Source: 

James Woodford 2026 Fossils discovered in Egypt may be the closest ancestor of all apes | New Scientist 26 March 

 

Did Earth life actually begin on Mars? Asteroid impacts could let microbes planet-hop, study suggests

 

Image courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech.

Joel Kontinen

Billions of years ago Mars hosted lakes, streams and perhaps even a huge ocean according to evolution believing scientists.

A remarkably hardy bacterium can survive pressures similar to those generated when asteroid impacts blast debris off Mars, a new evolutionary study has found.

The findings, published earlier this week in the journal PNAS Nexus, may prompt scientists to reconsider where life could exist across the solar system and could lead to a reassessment of "planetary protection" rules designed to prevent contamination between worlds.

"Life might actually survive being ejected from one planet and moving to another," study co-author Kaliat Ramesh, a mechanical engineer at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland, said. "This is a really big deal that changes the way you think about the question of how life begins and how life began on Earth."

Researchers recently exposed the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans to the pressures experienced during an asteroid strike. The microbe survived, suggesting that impacts could spread life from planet to planet. 

The new findings lend support to a long-debated theory known as lithopanspermia, which proposes that life can spread between planets by hitching a ride on fragments of rock blasted into space by massive impacts. The idea remains unproven.

For the study, Ramesh and his colleagues tested the endurance of Deinococcus radiodurans, an exceptionally resilient bacterium found, among other places, in Chile's high-altitude deserts. With a thick outer shell and a remarkable ability to repair its own DNA, D. radiodurans is famously tolerant of intense radiation, freezing temperatures, extreme dryness and other harsh conditions similar to those found in space. It has been nicknamed "Conan the bacterium," after all.

To simulate the forces involved in an asteroid impact, the researchers sandwiched samples of D. radiodurans between two steel plates. Using a gas-powered gun, they fired a projectile at roughly 300 mph (480 kph), subjecting the microbes to pressures between 1 and 3 gigapascals.

Nearly all of the microbes survived impacts generating 1.4 gigapascals of pressure, while about 60% remained alive at 2.4 gigapascals. At lower pressures, the cells showed no signs of damage, though researchers observed ruptured membranes and some internal cellular damage at higher pressures, the study reports.

"We continuously redefine the limits of life," Madhan Tirumalai, a microbiologist at the University of Houston who was not involved with the new study, told The New York Times.

As the pressure increased, the researchers also detected heightened activity in genes responsible for repairing DNA and maintaining cell membranes.

"We expected it to be dead at that first pressure," Lily Zhao, a mechanical engineer at JHU who led the experiment, said in the statement. "We started shooting it faster and faster. We kept trying to kill it, but it was really hard to kill."

The experiment eventually ended, the statement read, because the steel structure holding the plates "fell apart before the bacteria did."

This study does not take the existence of a Creator as established. Only God can give life to planets such as Earth.

Source:

Sharmila Kuthunur 2026 Did Earth life actually begin on Mars? Asteroid impacts could let microbes planet-hop, study suggests | Space 6 March

Top predators still prowled the seas after the biggest mass extinction

 

Image courtesy of Christian Darkin/Science Photo Library

Joel Kontinen

The worst known mass extinction wiped out over 80 per cent of marine species. But despite these huge losses, many ecosystems did not collapse, with a variety of animals and even top predators managing to survive the cataclysm.

The findings suggest that each ecosystem’s fate was determined, in part, by its own unique mix of species. The same may be true of modern marine ecosystems, which are also facing major threats from climate change.

The mass extinctions that evolutionists think are true, never happened millions of years ago. Many creationists say that they happen ed at the time of Noah’s flood, some 4,500 years ago.

Source:

Michael Marshall 2026 Top predators still prowled the seas after the biggest mass extinction | New Scientist 4 March 

Tiny predatory dinosaur weighed less than a chicken

 

Reconstruction of Alnashetri cerropoliciensis. Image courtesy of Gabriel Díaz Yantén, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro.

Joel Kontinen

Not all dinosaurs were big, some were relatively small. They weighed less than a small chicken.  

The 95-million-year-old fossil of Alnashetri cerropoliciensis was found at the La Buitrera site in northern Patagonia, Argentina, in 2014.

The first specimen of Alnashetri, found in 2012, was a set of incomplete hindlimb bones, says Peter Makovicky at the University of Minnesota, who was part of the study on the new fossil. With only fragmentary remains, it was impossible to say more than that it was probably an Alvarezsaur. “We were not even sure if it was a juvenile or fully grown,” he says.

“With a whole skeleton, we suddenly had all the information to understand how Alnashetri was similar or differed from other species, and a key to understanding how the unusual anatomy of Alvarezsaurs evolved,” says Makovicky.

The new fossil has very long, slender hind limbs and surprisingly long forelimbs that retain three well-developed fingers. Detailed analysis of the fossil bones revealed the dinosaur was an adult and at least 4 years old.

Alvarezsaurs were once thought to be early ancestors of birds. However, it is now clear that, while Alnashetri might have had some superficial resemblance to a bird, it and all the Alvarezsaurs were, in fact, non-avian theropods. “The new discovery certainly underscores this,” says Mackovicky.

Some evolutionists think that dinosaurs have been descended from birds.

Previously, it was thought that all the tiny alvarezsaurs had very short, stout forelimbs with a large thumb but shrunken side digits, and tiny teeth. Palaeontologists thought these anatomical features evolved alongside their shrinking body size because they only ate ants and termites, says Makovicky. “But Alnashetri does not fit that mould – it is among the smaller Alvarezsaurs, but neither its teeth nor its forelimbs are reduced, because it represents a much earlier branch on the Alvarezsaur evolutionary tree.”

In fact, its forearms are more typical of other Theropods rather than a specialist ant-eater, he says. “Alnashetri is tiny but is otherwise built like a more typical Theropod – given its small size, it probably ate its fair share of invertebrates, but probably had a wider range of prey.”

That means palaeontologists still don’t fully understand why these dinosaurs became so small. “We’re left with only a vaguer sense that Alvarezsaurs were successful at occupying the niches of very small predators,” says Mackovicky.

Source:

James Woodford 2026 Tiny predatory dinosaur weighed less than a chicken | New Scientist 25 February 

Scientists claim 'Lucy' may not be our direct ancestor after all, stoking fierce debate

 

The skull of a 3-year-old female Australopithecus afarensis, dated to 3.3 million years ago, discovered at the site of Dikika in Ethiopia. Image courtesy of Zeresenay Alemseged

Joel Kontinen

Recent fossil finds could mean that "Lucy" wasn't our direct ancestor, some scientists say. Others strongly disagree.

For a half century, the iconic "Lucy" fossil species, Australopithecus afarensis, has held the title of being the most likely direct ancestor of all humans.

Now, a key paper published last month in the journal Nature could overturn that theory entirely, some scientists say. They argue that, given the new evidence, an older species, Australopithecus anamensis, was our direct ancestor, not Lucy.

The proposal has revealed intense disagreements in the field. Some say A. anamensis is our direct ancestor, others argue that we don't know which Australopithecus species we descended from, and still others say the new analysis doesn't shake up the family tree at all.

The new discovery is "not altering our picture of human evolution in any way, in my opinion," Zeray Alemseged, a paleoanthropologist and professor of organismal biology University of Chicago who was not involved in the new study said.

The roots of the debate requires going back a century. In 1925, Raymond Dart announced the discovery of the first known Australopithecus — a skull dubbed the Taung Child unearthed in what is now South Africa that dates to around 2.6 million years ago. For the next 50 years, researchers thought that humans descended directly from the Taung Child's species, Australopithecus africanus.

But Lucy's discovery in 1974 at the Hadar site in Ethiopia rewrote that picture. The 3.2 million-year-old fossil became the oldest known australopithecine specimen at the time.

And Darwinian  researchers found her species, A. afarensis, walked upright on two legs similarly to how humans do today, yet it had a smaller brain — about the size of a modern-day chimp's. This suggested Lucy's kind could represent a "halfway" point in human evolution between the last common ancestor with chimps and us, making her species a good candidate for our direct ancestor among the many known hominins, the lineage that encompasses humans and our closest relatives.

According to evolution, Darwinian  evolution, with its millions of years, is the only reason for how we evolved, However, according to intelligent design, we were not produced that way,

Source:

Sophie Berdugo 2025 Scientists claim 'Lucy' may not be our direct ancestor after all, stoking fierce debate | Live Science December 22